& (13), (14), (2004). (2004): (2005). (2005): (2009). (2013):185-198. (Cooter, (Fink (Foray (Gold (Perelman (Smarzynska (eds) 124). 131-132). 132). 135). 14(1) 186). 1984 1billion 1–16. 20 2008. 25 26). 28). 39–62. 41(1) 41). 48(1) 5th A According Advanced Affects Age: All Analysis. As B. Bank/Oxford Braga. By C. C.A. Carsten. Centre Composition Conclusion Cooter, Developed Development Development: Direct Dominique. Drug E. Economic Economics Economies. Economies’. Ethics, European Evidence Fink Fink, Firms Flows’. Foray, Forays Foreign Geneva Gold, Government Health Hence, Heterodox How However However, Human In Intellectual International Inventions Investment Investment’. It J.A. Javorcik, Journal Law Law,Medicines Learned Least Lessons Link Love MR Mansfield Michael. Monopoly Moreover, Most Need New Partnerships Patent Patenting Patents Pearson, Perelman, Pharmaceutical Press. Price Primo Print. Property Property.” Property” Protection Recent References Regulation Research Research. Review Richard Rights Rights: Robert Smarzynska Stop Strong Stronger Such Sustainable TRIPS Technology The These They This Thomas. Through To Toronto: Trade Transfer Transition Trust: Types U.S. US Ulen Ulen, University Vernon Vernon, We Weak Where With World Worrying York: Zine a abilities. able about accessible accrued accurate acknowledged acknowledged, acknowledging act actual addition, adequate advancements advantage, advantages affordable against aimed all all. allow already also amended an and any approach appropriating approval approval. are areas arise as assets assets. associated assurance assured at attraction attributed authorities available averaging avoid bases be because become been being believe beneficial benefit benefits benefits. between beyond bilateral biotechnology, born both break builds business but by can capital care case cases caution challenge channeled channels chemical chemistry. choice collect coming commensurable, commodities compared compensated compete competition competitors competitors. complicated compositions, compounds computers concept conditions conferring confidence confident conflict congress consist consumers consumers. continued contribution contributors cost cost. costly costs could countries countries, country create creativity. crucial dealing decrease delve demand depending destination detailed details determinations deterrent develop developed developers developing development development, development. diagnosis different difficult disadvantage disadvantageous discourage discoverer discoveries discovering discovery discovery, discussed. discussion. diseases distribute do does dollars domestic done. drug drug. drugs drugs. due duplicate duration early easily easy economic economically economies economy ed. emergence emerging enabled enables encourage encourages energized enhance enhanced enhanced. ensure ensures ensuring especially essential established established. even exchange exchange. exclusive exclusively exercise exist existing exists expanded expense expenses expensive exploit extended fails fair fields, financial fined firm firms firms, firms. for foregone foreign foreign. form free freedom from fruits full further gains generic genetic get give given gives giving goods government great greater greater, greatly greatly, harder. has have health health, heavily help her high higher his holder holder, holds human idea ideas, illness imitate imitations imitative imitators important improved improvement improvements improving in incentive incentives increase increased increases increasing incurred independent indigenous individual induce information infrequent innovation, innovations innovations. innovators innovators. innovators’ intellectual international intervention into invention invention. inventions inventor inventors invest invested. investment investment, investment. investors involved is issue it jail kind knowledge knowledge. lack large law laws laws, laws. lead leading leads led legal license life limitation limited line little location long loophole loss lower made made. major majority make making mankind. manufacture manufacturing manufacturing, many marginal margins market market, marketing markets may medicinal medicine, minimal monopolies, monopolistic monopoly more motivator much multilateral mushroom n. n.p.). nation necessary needy net new non-market not novel of offer offers on one ones. only optimal opting or order original orphan other others over overprice owner ownership p.). paper, part participated party patent patented patenting patenting, patents patients pay-back payback people people. period period. permission perspectives pharmaceutical pharmaceuticals, pirating plant playground power presented preventing price procedures process process, processes produce producers product product, product. production products products, products. professions profits profits, profits. prohibit property prosecutable protected protection protection. protects provide provides provision public purposes. quality quantity quite rare reach real reap recognized recoup redress reduce reduced reducing regarding regulation relate relating relative replication require research research, research. resources resources, restrict restricted restricting resulting results returns revenues rewarding rights rise royalties sales same scholars science-based sector secure seen sell sense sentenced services services. serving set should shows since slowing so sole solely. some specific stability stipulated strength strengths strong struggling. such such, technological technology temporary term that the their them them. there they third this though through through. thus time tiresome to towards trade trade, traditional transfer transfer. treatment. tropical twenty unaffordable unit unscrupulous until up use useful users using usually various ventures viable violations, want was weak weakness weaknesses well what when where whereby whether which while who whole whose will with within without work work. world would years years, ‘Examining ‘How ‘The “In “Intellectual