STATUS OF PUBLIC HEALTH IN ENGLAND part 4

When a person is diagnosed with pulmonary TB, the person will be contagious for about two to three weeks into the course of treatment.

Countries with high TB rates

Parts of the world with high rates of TB include:

Africa – particularly sub-Saharan Africa (all the African countries south of the Sahara desert) and West Africa

Southeast Asia – including India, Pakistan, Indonesia and Bangladesh

Russia

China

South America

The western Pacific region (to the west of the Pacific Ocean) – including Vietnam, Cambodia and the Philippines

8.0 DEMENTIA

A non-infectious disease is a disease that is not contagious, and does not have the ability to spread from one host to another. More so, non-infectious diseases are not as a result of pathogens, they are as a result of the lifestyle factors, toxic substances from the environment or food, gene mutations. An example of non-infectious disease is dementia. NHS (2018) explains that dementia is described as a symptoms shown when the function of the brain declines. More so, several diseases is responsible to cause dementia, and research have shown that most of these diseases are created through the abnormal build-up of proteins in the brain (NHS, 2018). NHS (2018) discloses that this build-up of protein results in the depreciation of nerve cells function that eventually dies suddenly. The symptoms of dementia vary depending on the part of the brain that is damaged, however, NHS (2018) outlines that the most common early symptoms of dementia are:

Loss of memory,

Have low and difficult concentration,

Confusion,

Difficulty in following a conversation or finding the right word,

Confusion about time and place,

Consistent changes in mood.

Several researches reveal that dementia reduces life expectancy by half. Vorst et al. (2015) explains that mortality of hospital-admitted dementia patient was reported to be higher than those visiting after a cohort study of 10 years. Vorst et al. (2015) therefore concluded that dementia as compared to other illnesses and disease has a very poor prognosis. NHS (20