CORONAVIRUS MECHANISM OF INFECTION

845 WORDS

Corona viruses are the group of virus which is a group of viruses that have a crown like appearances when viewed in under the electronic microscope. They belong to the Coronaviridiae family. Corona virus causes the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) [4]. They are commonly known to cause the respiratory disease in human being. Some time they also caused the gastrointestinal disease in different farm animals. They contain +ve single standard enveloped RNA as their genetic material. The genome of corona virus is the largest among the viruses (27-32 in length). Large, roughly spherical, enveloped particles with a nuleocapsids and large, petal like spike 20nm long, protruding from the membrane appearing as the crown [1]. These viruses are host or tissue specific based on the receptor specificity of their spike or S protein. It is an enveloped viruses and the envelope is made up of glycoprotein. (reference?)

REVIEW OF LITERATURE:

The microscopic particle inactive outside because they are incapable by replicating by their own. They take the help of the cellular mechanism for their own benefits. Human corona viruses of OC43 are generally occurs in the respiratory tract of the human being. The virus envelope is made up of S: Spike protein, receptor binding, cell fusion, major antigen, and major antigen, E: small envelope associated protein, M: membrane protein helps in budding and envelope formations, HE: Haemagglutinin-esterase and genome is associated with phosphoprotein N [2]. The virus primarily infects the upper respiratory human. Significant range of common cold is caused y this virus. Unlike to the rhinovirus the corona virus are difficult to grow in laboratory. Infection with corona virus causes the alteration in the transcription and translation patterns in the cell cycle. They interfere cytoskeleton, apoptosis, coagulation and inflammation and stress responses [3].

MECHANISM OF CORONA VIRUS:

The host and pathogen interaction causes the disease. When once it entered in to the host body, the phases it follows replication and assembly. Fist in the cytoplasm the virus particle is uncoated and the RNA genome is liberated in to the host cytoplasm . The corona virus RNA contain a 5-methylated cap and a 3-polyadenylated-A tail to make it look as much like the host RNA. This helps the RNA to attach to the ribosome for translation. Infection cycle of CoV is started by the binding of the recep