SOCIAL SCIENCE AND RACE SOCIOLOGY ESSAY  PT2

Denying the existence of races. In the middle of the XX century was originated the concept of unreality considered as infraspecific divisions of humanity. One of the first was formulated by the Belgian scientist J. Jernej, declaring the race is not a fact, and the concept.

In the recent decades, American and European anthropology forthright has a tendency to deny the reality of the existence of human races.

Division by race. There are many opinions about how many races can be distinguished within the species Homo sapiens. Existing points of view range from the hypothesis of two major racial trunks up to 15 independent hypothesis races. Between these extremes lies a wide range of hypotheses, postulating from 3 to 5 races trunks. It is worth noting that the races themselves (small race) are divided into subrasy, and there is no consensus regarding the affiliation of subras to certain races (small races). In addition, different anthropological schools use different names for the same races.

Typological concept of race historically comes first. According to the typological approach, describing the features of a particular person, can be clearly attributed it to a particular race: racial types are distinguished, and each individual is evaluated by the degree of approximation to this or that ‘pure’ type. For instance, the width of the lips and nose more than a certain size, combined with low head-pointer, a large protrusion of the face forward, type of skin and darker than a certain standard model is regarded as a sign of belonging to the Negroid race. This scheme can even determine the race of a particular person as a percentage. The complexity of the typological concept involves the separation of “pure” types, is distinctly different from one another. Depending on the number of types and attributes are defined as race, will vary, as well racial identification of the person. Moreover, the consistent application of strict typological principle leads to the fact that siblings can be attributed to different races.

Natural habitat Caucasians – from Europe to the Urals, North Africa, Southwest Asia and the